California Firearms Safety Certificates (CAFSC) Practice Exam

Under what circumstances may lethal force be lawful in self-defense?

1. Threat of theft

2. Assault with a deadly weapon

3. Verbal confrontation

4. Public disturbance

The correct answer is: Assault with a deadly weapon

Lethal force may be considered lawful in self-defense primarily when facing an imminent threat that poses a serious risk of death or great bodily harm. Assault with a deadly weapon represents a clear and immediate danger that could escalate to life-threatening circumstances. In such situations, the law permits individuals to respond with a level of force, including lethal force, to protect themselves from the severe threat posed by an aggressor wielding a weapon. In contrast, a threat of theft does not typically justify lethal force, as the potential for harm does not reach the same severity as an assault with a deadly weapon. Similarly, verbal confrontations do not involve a physical threat and often can be resolved without using force. Lastly, a public disturbance may not necessarily involve any direct threats to personal safety, thus lacking the justification for the use of lethal force in self-defense. Understanding this context is crucial for recognizing the serious considerations surrounding self-defense laws and the justification for using lethal force only when absolutely necessary.